Der Raspberry Pi ist ein Einplatinencomputer der Raspberry Pi Foundation, der sich u.a. hervorragend für kleine Projekte eignet. In meinem Fall als Visualisierung der Daten eines PIKO-Wechselrichters.
Für den Raspberry Pi gibt es verschiedene Betriebssysteme. In dieser Beschreibung geht es um raspbian.
$ wget https://downloads.raspberrypi.org/raspbian_lite_latest
Als Medium kommt eine Micro SD-Karte (ab 4GB) zum Einsatz. Als WLAN-USB-Stick wird Odroid WiFi Module 4 (MediaTek(Ralink) RT5572N) verwendet. Als Erweiterungsboard kommt PiFace RTC zum Einsatz.
Kopieren des Image auf die SD-Karte:$ dd bs=4M if=2017-11-29-raspbian-stretch.img of=/dev/sdX status=progress conv=fsync
Vorhandene Nutzer sind pi und root. pi nutzt raspberry als Passwort. SSH muss über eine leere Datei namens ssh in der boot Partition aktiviert werden (falls im headless Betrieb).
$ dpkg-reconfigure tzdata $ dpkg-reconfigure locale $ timedatectl set-local-rtc 0 $ hostnamectl set-hostname myhostname $ localectl set-locale LANG=de_DE.UTF-8 $ localectl set-keymap de-latin1
$ apt-get --no-install-recommends install vim mc lsof $ apt-get install apache2 libapache2-mod-php php-sqlite3 php-curl dnsmasq hostapd i2c-tools $ apt-get purge avahi-daemon samba-common nfs-common alsa-utils triggerhappy dphys-swapfile $ apt autoremove
interface=wlan0 driver=nl80211 ctrl_interface=/var/run/hostapd ctrl_interface_group=0 ssid=RaspberryPi country_code=DE ieee80211d=1 hw_mode=g channel=1 beacon_int=100 dtim_period=2 max_num_sta=255 rts_threshold=2347 fragm_threshold=2346 macaddr_acl=0 auth_algs=1 wmm_enabled=1 wmm_ac_bk_cwmin=4 wmm_ac_bk_cwmax=10 wmm_ac_bk_aifs=7 wmm_ac_bk_txop_limit=0 wmm_ac_bk_acm=0 wmm_ac_be_aifs=3 wmm_ac_be_cwmin=4 wmm_ac_be_cwmax=10 wmm_ac_be_txop_limit=0 wmm_ac_be_acm=0 wmm_ac_vi_aifs=2 wmm_ac_vi_cwmin=3 wmm_ac_vi_cwmax=4 wmm_ac_vi_txop_limit=94 wmm_ac_vi_acm=0 wmm_ac_vo_aifs=2 wmm_ac_vo_cwmin=2 wmm_ac_vo_cwmax=3 wmm_ac_vo_txop_limit=47 wmm_ac_vo_acm=0 ieee80211n=1 eapol_key_index_workaround=0 own_ip_addr=127.0.0.1 wpa=2 wpa_passphrase=<dein_passwort> wpa_key_mgmt=WPA-PSK wpa_pairwise=CCMP rsn_pairwise=CCMP/etc/dnsmasq.conf
address=/wechselrichter.deine.domain.home/192.168.1.1 interface=wlan0 no-dhcp-interface=eth0 domain=deine.domain.home dhcp-range=192.168.1.100,192.168.1.150,255.255.255.0,2h dhcp-option=3/etc/dhcpcd.conf
denyinterfaces wlan0 hostname clientid persistent option rapid_commit option domain_name_servers, domain_name, domain_search, host_name option classless_static_routes option ntp_servers option interface_mtu require dhcp_server_identifier slaac private profile static_eth0 static ip_address=192.168.1.2/24 interface eth0 fallback static_eth0/etc/network/interfaces.d/wlan0_hostapd
allow-hotplug wlan0 iface wlan0 inet static address 192.168.1.1 netmask 255.255.255.0 network 192.168.1.0 broadcast 192.168.1.255/lib/systemd/scripts/my-accesspoint.sh:
#!/bin/bash
while getopts ":abc" opt; do
case $opt in
a)
/sbin/ifup wlan0
/bin/systemctl start hostapd.service
/bin/systemctl start dnsmasq.service
;;
b)
/bin/systemctl stop dnsmasq.service
/bin/systemctl stop hostapd.service
/sbin/ifdown wlan0
;;
c)
/bin/systemctl status dnsmasq.service
/bin/systemctl status hostapd.service
/sbin/ifconfig wlan0
;;
\?)
echo "Invalid option: -$OPTARG" >&2
echo "a - start"
echo "b - stop"
echo "c - status"
;;
esac
done
/lib/systemd/system/my-accesspoint-up.service:
[Unit] Description=Accesspoint Up After=network.target [Service] Type=oneshot ExecStart=/lib/systemd/scripts/my-accesspoint.sh -a [Install] WantedBy=multi-user.target/lib/systemd/system/my-accesspoint-down.service:
[Unit] Description=Accesspoint Down After=network.target [Service] Type=oneshot ExecStart=/lib/systemd/scripts/my-accesspoint.sh -b [Install] WantedBy=multi-user.target/lib/systemd/system/my-accesspoint-up.timer:
[Unit] Description=Accesspoint Up Timer After=my-piface-rtc.service [Timer] # Time of day to run the unit OnCalendar=08:30 # Service to start Unit=my-accesspoint-up.service [Install] WantedBy=multi-user.target/lib/systemd/system/my-accesspoint-down.timer:
[Unit] Description=Accesspoint Down Timer After=my-piface-rtc.service [Timer] # Time of day to run the unit OnCalendar=21:30 # Service to start Unit=my-accesspoint-down.service [Install] WantedBy=multi-user.target
$ systemctl enable my-accesspoint-up.timer $ systemctl enable my-accesspoint-down.timer
[PHP] open_basedir = /srv/www:/var/lib/php:/usr/share/php:/usr/share/php7.0-common:/usr/share/php7.0-curl:/usr/share/php7.0-json:/usr/share/php7.0-opcache:/usr/share/php7.0-readline:/usr/share/php7.0-sqlite3:/var/spool/mail disable_functions = pcntl_alarm,pcntl_fork,pcntl_waitpid,pcntl_wait,pcntl_wifexited,pcntl_wifstopped,pcntl_wifsignaled,pcntl_wifcontinued,pcntl_wexitstatus,pcntl_wtermsig,pcntl_wstopsig,pcntl_signal,pcntl_signal_dispatch,pcntl_get_last_error,pcntl_strerror,pcntl_sigprocmask,pcntl_sigwaitinfo,pcntl_sigtimedwait,pcntl_exec,pcntl_getpriority,pcntl_setpriority,system,exec,shell_exec,passthru,phpinfo,show_source,proc_open,popen file_uploads = Off allow_url_fopen = Off allow_url_include = Off
dtparam=i2c_arm=on/etc/modules-load.d/piface-rtc.conf:
i2c-dev i2c:mcp7941x i2c-bcm2708/lib/systemd/scripts/my-piface-rtc.sh:
#!/bin/bash # setup rtc echo mcp7941x 0x6f > /sys/class/i2c-dev/i2c-1/device/new_device # set time from hwclock hwclock -s/lib/sytemd/system/my-piface-rtc.service:
[Unit] Description=Run /lib/systemd/scripts/my-piface-rtc.sh After=systemd-modules-load.service [Service] Type=oneshot #RemainAfterExit=yes ExecStart=/lib/systemd/scripts/my-piface-rtc.sh [Install] WantedBy=multi-user.target
$ systemctl enable my-piface-rtc.service
<IfModule proxy_http_module> ProxyRequests Off # Reverse Proxy PVServer / Piko Solar Wechselrichter <LocationMatch "^/rproxy/pvserver/(.*)$"> ProxyPassMatch "http://192.168.1.3/$1" Require ip 192.168 </LocationMatch> </IfModule>Ergänzung /etc/apache2/mods-available/proxy.conf:
<IfModule proxy_module> ProxyPass "/pvserver" "http://pvserver/" ProxyPassReverse "/pvserver" "http://pvserver/" <Proxy "*"> Require ip 192.168 </Proxy> </IfModule>
Verschiedene Tasks von cron entweder deaktivieren (z.b. durch Entfernen der Ausführbarkeit) darunter z.B. dpkg/apt/aptitude backups und man-db.
Auszug aus /etc/apache2/envvars (ggf. Log Dateinamen mit apache2_ prefix versehen - dann aber nicht vergessen logrotate anzupassen):export APACHE_LOG_DIR=/var/log$SUFFIXDateisystem vorbereiten:
$ rm -rf /var/lib/dhcp/ /var/lib/dhcpcd5 /var/lib/misc /etc/resolv.conf $ ln -s /tmp /var/lib/dhcp $ ln -s /tmp /var/lib/dhcpcd5 $ ln -s /tmp /var/lib/misc $ ln -s /tmp/resolv.conf /etc/resolv.conf/etc/fstab:
# /etc/fstab proc /proc proc defaults 0 0 /dev/mmcblk0p1 /boot vfat ro,defaults 0 2 /dev/mmcblk0p1 / ext4 ro,defaults,noatime 0 1 /dev/sda1 /srv ext4 defaults,noatime 0 0 tmpfs /var/spool tmpfs nodev,nosuid 0 0 tmpfs /var/log tmpfs nodev,nosuid 0 0 tmpfs /var/tmp tmpfs nodev,nosuid 0 0 tmpfs /tmp tmpfs nodev,nosuid 0 0An /boot/cmdline.txt anhängen:
fastboot noswap